Ingredient Research
Calcium
Calcium
Calcium intake influences skeletal calcium retention during growth and thus affects peak bone mass achieved in early adulthood. Increased calcium intake is associated with increased bone mineral accretion rate up to a threshold level in all ethnic groups.
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Sunyecz JA. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2008 Aug; 4(4): 827–836.
Read the AbstractYe SK, Ren X, Meng XX, Chen HY. Exp Ther Med. 2020 Feb;19(2):1432-1438.
Read the AbstractShea B, Wells G, Cranney A, Zytaruk N, Robinson V, Griffith L, Hamel C, Ortiz Z, Peterson J, Adachi J, Tugwell P, Guyatt G. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(1):CD004526.
Read the AbstractMalpeli A, Apezteguia M, Mansur JL, Armanini A, Macías Couret M, Villalobos R, Kuzminczuk M, Gonzalez HF. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2012 Mar;62(1):30-6. PMID: 23477205.
Read the AbstractWeaver CM, Alexander DD, Boushey CJ, Dawson-Hughes B, Lappe JM, LeBoff MS, Liu S, Looker AC, Wallace TC, Wang DD. Osteoporos Int. 2016 Jan;27(1):367-76.
Read the AbstractMagnesium
Magnesium
Significantly increased accrual [...] in integrated hip [bone mineral content] occurred in the [magnesium]-supplemented vs. placebo group. [...] Lumbar spinal [bone mineral content] accrual was slightly [...] greater in the Mg-treated group. [...] A positive effect of Mg supplementation on integrated hip [bone mineral content] was evident.
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Castiglioni S, Cazzaniga A, Albisetti W, Maier JA. Nutrients. 2013 Jul 31;5(8):3022-33.
Read the AbstractWelch AA, Skinner J, Hickson M. Nutrients. 2017 Oct 30;9(11):1189.
Read the AbstractRyder KM, Shorr RI, Bush AJ, Kritchevsky SB, Harris T, Stone K, Cauley J, Tylavsky FA. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005 Nov;53(11):1875-80.
Read the AbstractCarpenter TO, DeLucia MC, Zhang JH, Bejnerowicz G, Tartamella L, Dziura J, Petersen KF, Befroy D, Cohen D. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Dec;91(12):4866-72.
Read the AbstractSojka JE, Weaver CM. Nutr Rev. 1995 Mar;53(3):71-4.
Read the AbstractRude RK, Olerich M. Osteoporos Int. 1996;6(6):453-61.
Read the AbstractBoron
Boron
The results suggest that boron supplementation improves parameters related to bone strength and microstructure of cortical and trabecular bone.
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Meacham SL, Taper LJ, Volpe SL. Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Nov;102 Suppl 7(Suppl 7):79-82.
Read the AbstractRondanelli M, Faliva MA, Peroni G, Infantino V, Gasparri C, Iannello G, Perna S, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Tartara A. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2020 Dec;62:126577.
Read the AbstractToker H, Ozdemir H, Balci Yuce H, Goze F. J Dent Sci. 2016 Sep;11(3):331-337.
Read the AbstractNielsen FH. Magnes Trace Elem. 1990;9(2):61-9.
Read the AbstractSheng MH, Taper LJ, Veit H, Thomas EA, Ritchey SJ, Lau KH. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2001 Jul;81(1):29-45.
Read the AbstractVitamin K2
Vitamin K2
Vitamin K2 promotes arterial flexibility by preventing accumulation of arterial calcium, and supplementation with it could correct calcium amounts in the body that are out of balance. Thus, calcium in tandem with vitamin K2 may well be the solution for bringing necessary bone benefits.
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Akbari S, Rasouli-Ghahroudi AA. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:4629383.
Read the Abstractvan Ballegooijen AJ, Pilz S, Tomaschitz A, Grübler MR, Verheyen N. Int J Endocrinol. 2017;2017:7454376.
Read the AbstractIwamoto J, Takeda T, Sato Y. Curr Pharm Des. 2004;10(21):2557-76.
Read the AbstractKodama Y, Okamoto Y, Kubota T, Hiroyama Y, Fukami H, Matsushita K, Kawano Y. Brain Dev. 2017 Nov;39(10):846-850.
Read the AbstractPlaza SM, Lamson DW. Altern Med Rev. 2005 Mar;10(1):24-35.
Read the AbstractVitamin D3
Vitamin D3
Meta-analysis of all studies showed that calcium plus vitamin D supplementation produced a statistically significant 15 % reduced risk of total fractures [...] and a 30 % reduced risk of hip fractures [...] This meta-analysis of RCTs supports the use of calcium plus vitamin D supplements as an intervention for fracture risk reduction.
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Sunyecz JA. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2008 Aug;4(4):827-36.
Read the AbstractLips P, van Schoor NM. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Aug;25(4):585-91.
Read the AbstractBrincat M, Gambin J, Brincat M, Calleja-Agius J. Maturitas. 2015 Mar;80(3):329-32.
Read the AbstractSadat-Ali M, Al Elq AH, Al-Turki HA, Al-Mulhim FA, Al-Ali AK. Ann Saudi Med. 2011 Nov-Dec;31(6):602-8.
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